The fiery combination of 18K yellow gold and three round diamonds makes this stunning ring a true masterpiece. |
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Sunday, November 30, 2008
18K White Gold Tennis Bracelet
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Why Buy From Us?
Shipping We ship by registered mail, EMS or courier service with full insurance. |
Diamond Highlights Cut : Very Good This diamond has first-rate proportions and offers outstanding sparkle and brilliance at a cost-effective price. Clarity : SI1 Slightly Included. SI1 diamonds have tiny inclusions which can be seen using 10x magnification but are almost never visible to the naked eye. SI1 diamonds represent excellent value for those on a more limited budget. Color : G G grade diamonds appear nearly colorless to non diamond experts. This grade offers excellent value for money.
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Why Buy From Us?
Shipping We ship by registered mail, EMS or courier service with full insurance. |
Wednesday, November 26, 2008
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Diamonds formed in cratons
The conditions for diamond formation to happen in the lithospheric mantle occur at considerable depth corresponding to the aforementioned requirements of temperature and pressure. These depths are estimated to be in between 140–190 kilometers (90–120 miles)[15][8] though occasionally diamonds have crystallized at depths of 300-400 km (180-250 miles) as well.[16] The rate at which temperature changes with increasing depth into the Earth varies greatly in different parts of the Earth. In particular, under oceanic plates the temperature rises more quickly with depth, beyond the range required for diamond formation at the depth required.[15] The correct combination of temperature and pressure is only found in the thick, ancient, and stable parts of continental plates where regions of lithosphere known as cratons exist.[15] Long residence in the cratonic lithosphere allows diamond crystals to grow larger.
Through studies of carbon isotope ratios (similar to the methodology used in carbon dating, except with the stable isotopes C-12 and C-13), it has been shown that the carbon found in diamonds comes from both inorganic and organic sources. Some diamonds, known as harzburgitic, are formed from inorganic carbon originally found deep in the Earth's mantle. In contrast, eclogitic diamonds contain organic carbon from organic detritus that has been pushed down from the surface of the Earth's crust through subduction (see plate tectonics) before transforming into diamond.[8] These two different source carbons have measurably different 13C:12C ratios. Diamonds that have come to the Earth's surface are generally very old, ranging from under 1 billion to 3.3 billion years old.
Diamonds occur most often as euhedral or rounded octahedra and twinned octahedra known as macles or maccles. As diamond's crystal structure has a cubic arrangement of the atoms, they have many facets that belong to a cube, octahedron, rhombicosidodecahedron, tetrakis hexahedron or disdyakis dodecahedron. The crystals can have rounded off and unexpressive edges and can be elongated. Sometimes they are found grown together or form double "twinned" crystals grown together at the surfaces of the octahedron. These different shapes and habits of the diamonds result from differing external circumstances. Diamonds (especially those with rounded crystal faces) are commonly found coated in nyf, an opaque gum-like skin.[17]
Diamond | |
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A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. | |
General | |
Category | Native Minerals |
Chemical formula | C |
Identification | |
Molecular Weight | 12.01 u |
Color | Typically yellow, brown or gray to colorless. Less often in blue, green, black, translucent white, pink, violet, orange, purple and red.[1] |
Crystal habit | Octahedral |
Crystal system | Isometric-Hexoctahedral (Cubic) |
Cleavage | 111 (perfect in four directions) |
Fracture | Conchoidal - step like |
Mohs Scale hardness | 10[1] |
Luster | Adamantine[1] |
Polish luster | Adamantine[1] |
Refractive index | 2.4175–2.4178 |
Optical Properties | Singly Refractive[1] |
Birefringence | none[1] |
Dispersion | .044[1] |
Pleochroism | none[1] |
Ultraviolet fluorescence | colorless to yellowish stones - inert to strong in long wave, and typically blue. Weaker in short wave.[1] |
Absorption spectra | In pale yellow stones a 415.5 nm line is typical. Irradiated and annealed diamonds often show a line around 594 nm when cooled to low temperatures.[1] |
Streak | White |
Specific gravity | 3.52 (+/- .01)[1] |
Density | 3.5-3.53 g/cm³ |
Diaphaneity | Transparent to subtransparent to translucent |
In mineralogy, diamond (from the ancient Greek ἀδάμας, adámas) is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in an isometric-hexoctahedral crystal lattice. Its hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry. It is the hardest known naturally-occurring mineral. It is possible to treat regular diamonds under a combination of high pressure and high temperature to produce diamonds (known as Type-II diamonds) that are harder than the diamonds used in hardness gauges.[2] Presently, only aggregated diamond nanorods, a material created using ultrahard fullerite (C60) is confirmed to be harder, although other substances such as cubic boron nitride, rhenium diboride and ultrahard fullerite itself are comparable.
Diamonds are specifically renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities; they make excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other diamonds, borazon, ultrahard fullerite, rhenium diboride, or aggregated diamond nanorods, which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain their lustre. Approximately 130 million carats (26,000 kg (57,000 lb)) are mined annually, with a total value of nearly USD $9 billion, and about 100,000 kg (220,000 lb) are synthesized annually.[3]
Amber.pendants.
Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal ornament, such as a necklace, ring, or bracelet, made from gemstones, precious metals or other materials.
The word jewellery is derived from the word jewel, which was anglicised from the Old French "jouel" circa the 13th century.[1] Further tracing leads back to the Latin word "jocale", meaning plaything. Jewellery is one of the oldest forms of body adornment; recently found 100,000 year-old beads made from Nassarius shells are thought to be the oldest known jewellery.[2]
Although during earlier times jewellery was created for practical uses such as wealth, storage and pinning clothes together, in recent times it has been used almost exclusively for decoration. The first pieces of jewellery were made from natural materials, such as bone, animal teeth, shell, wood and carved stone. Jewellery was often made for people of high importance to show their status and, in many cases, they were buried with it.
Jewellery has been made to adorn nearly every body part, from hairpins to toe rings and many more types of jewellery. While high-quality is made with gemstones and precious metals, there is also a growing demand for art jewellery where design and creativity is prized above material value. In addition, there is the less-costly costume jewellery, made from less-valuable materials and mass-produced. New variations include wire sculpture (wrap) jewellery, using anything from base metal wire with rock tumbled stone to precious metals and precious gemstones.